Essential Items in Every Citation in following order:
1. Author's or editor's name (first and last).
2. Title of book or article (major terms capitalized). Article titles go in quotation marks, those of books in italics.
3. Volume number or edition number (if applicable).
4. City of publication followed by a colon, then name of publishing company followed by a comma, then year of publication. Whole entry is enclosed within parentheses.
5. Page number(s).
6. If you accessed the source online, the web address (if not given in the online citation, then copy/paste the address from your browser's address window -- it's the series of characters beginning with "http://...."). Then insert a comma, then the word "Accessed" followed by a colon and the date (mo/day/year) you read the material.
Note: Publication information is normally found on the first page (front and back) of the book.
Sample Citations
Footnotes
In your essay, insert footnote numbers immediately AFTER text you wish to cite. You MUST include a footnote after every quotation you use and after every paraphrase. Citations for material from which you borrow ideas and facts can be limited to one per paragraph, but make sure your footnote lists all the sources you borrowed from when you wrote that paragraph. Make sure the items in your footnote are in order as illustrated above even if some are missing.
1. Reference Books off the Library Shelf:
<Author: first name, last name – if known>, “<Article Title>,” <Reference Book Title – in Italics>, <vol. or ed. #> (<City of Publication>: <Name of Publisher>, <Year of Publication>), <page number(s)>.
Example:
1. “Napoleon,” Encyclopedia Britannica, vol. 12 (New York: Britannica, 2001), 75-77.
2. Books:
<Author: first name, last name>, <Book Title – in Italics> (<City of Publication>, <State – if city not well known>: <Name of Publisher>, <Year of Publication>), <page number(s)>.
Examples:
1. Mary Pat Fisher, Living Religions, Fifth Edition (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2002), 95.
2. Robert Tignor, et. al., Worlds Together, Worlds Apart: A History of the Modern World From the Mongol Empire to the Present (New York: Norton, 2002), 22-25.
Subsequent references to the same source may be footnoted using an abbreviated form:
For example,
3. Fisher, 96.
4. Tignor, et. al., 57-60.
3. Journal and Encyclopedia Articles from Online Sources:
<Author: first name, last name>, “<Article Title>,” <Journal Title – in Italics>, <vol.#> (<City of Publication>: <Name of Publisher>, <Year of Publication>), <page number(s)>, <Web Address: copy from browser address window and paste into footnote here>, Accessed: <Date you researched the site>.
Example:
5. Bhagavad Gita, 2.7, http://www.nmhschool.org/tthornton/excerpts_from_the_bhagavad_gita.htm, Accessed: March 2, 2003.
6. Columbia Encyclopedia Online, http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopdict.html, Accessed: February 3, 2001.
Bibliography
Same format as footnotes with these exceptions:
1. List authors in alphabetical order by last names followed by their first names.
2. Omit page numbers.
3. Place periods between sections and commas within (author last name, first name. title. city of publication, publishing company, year of publication).
4. Remove parentheses.
Example:
Fisher, Mary Pat. Living Religions, Fifth Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2002.